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Distributed database

A distributed database is a database whose data is stored across multiple computers (nodes) that are connected by a network. Instead of keeping all data in one location, the system spreads it out to improve performance, availability, and scalability. Users and applications typically interact with the database as if it

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  1. Distributed database (en-US)

    A distributed database is a database whose data is stored across multiple computers (nodes) that are connected by a network. Instead of keeping all data in one location, the system spreads it out to improve performance, availability, and scalability. Users and applications typically interact with the database as if it were one unified system, even though the underlying storage is distributed.

  2. How it works

    Distributed databases use techniques such as data partitioning (splitting data into parts), replication (storing copies in multiple places), and coordination (managing updates across nodes). When a query is made, the system may route it to the relevant node(s), combine results, and ensure consistency rules are followed. Consistency models can vary—for example, some systems prioritize strong consistency, while others allow eventual consistency for better performance.

  3. Common benefits and trade-offs

    Benefits often include higher availability (data remains accessible even if some nodes fail), faster access (work can be done closer to where data is stored), and easier scaling (adding nodes as demand grows). Trade-offs can include increased complexity in design and operations, network latency effects, and challenges in maintaining consistency during updates.

FAQ

What’s the difference between distributed and centralized databases?

Centralized databases store data mainly in one location, while distributed databases spread data across multiple networked computers.

Is a distributed database the same as a blockchain?

No. Blockchain is a specific technology with particular consensus and immutability properties; distributed databases are broader and may or may not use blockchain-style consensus.

What does “consistency” mean in distributed databases?

It refers to how reliably all nodes reflect the same data values after updates, which can range from strong to eventual consistency depending on the system.

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