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Database recovery

Database recovery is the process of restoring a database to a usable state after data loss or corruption. This can happen due to hardware failure, accidental deletion, software bugs, ransomware, power outages, or human error. Recovery typically aims to preserve as much data as possible and minimize downtime. Common re

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  1. Database recovery (en-US)

    Database recovery is the process of restoring a database to a usable state after data loss or corruption. This can happen due to hardware failure, accidental deletion, software bugs, ransomware, power outages, or human error. Recovery typically aims to preserve as much data as possible and minimize downtime. Common recovery approaches include: - Backups: Restoring from full, incremental, or differential backups. - Point-in-time recovery (PITR): Using transaction logs to roll the database forward to a specific moment. - Log-based recovery: Applying write-ahead logs (WAL) or similar mechanisms to recover committed transactions and discard incomplete ones. - Replication and failover: Using replicas to switch to a healthy copy, then resynchronizing. Key steps often include assessing the scope of damage, identifying the last known good state, verifying backup integrity, restoring to a test environment when possible, and validating data consistency before switching production back on. Organizations also document recovery procedures and test them regularly to ensure they work under real conditions.

  2. What to prepare before an incident

    Effective recovery depends on having reliable backups, retention policies, and tested restore procedures. It also helps to maintain clear runbooks, know your database’s recovery model (e.g., full vs. simple logging), and ensure you have access to required credentials, storage, and log files. Monitoring and alerting can detect issues early, reducing the amount of data that must be recovered.

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FAQ

What’s the difference between backup restore and point-in-time recovery?

Backup restore returns the database to the time the backup was taken, while point-in-time recovery uses transaction logs to restore to a specific time between backups.

How do I know which backup/log files to use?

Use the database’s recovery requirements and timestamps, confirm backup integrity, and select the most recent consistent backup plus the necessary transaction logs up to the target time.

How long should recovery take?

It depends on database size, backup type, storage speed, and log volume. Testing restores in advance is the best way to estimate and meet recovery time objectives (RTO).

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